Effect of Internal Controls on Financial Performance

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Over the past decade, Africa and other developing regions have been in the midst of tremendous changes. Market liberalization and governmental decentralization policies have interfaced with globalization and urbanization trends to dramatically transform social, political, economic and cultural lives. In this context of rapid change, SME operations can no longer remain behind serving only to meet sustenance income for their owners. SMEs engagements have to become a dynamic and integral part of the market economy. The identification of factors that determine new venture performance such as survival, growth or profitability has been one of the†¦show more content†¦The dynamic role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries as engines through which the growth objectives of developing countries can be achieved has long been recognized. The growth of small scale businesses in Ghana so rapid, that it is now seen as a daily affair. Many Potential owners of SMEs move to areas where the feel they can succeed to set them up there. More so, many factors may contribute to the movement of people to settle at certain geographical areas. It is believed that the factors that influence migration include the need for peaceful and violent free environment, the need for fertile business locations, the desire for privacy, government policy and a host of others. Specifically, with reference to the above, the Medina municipality of the Greater Accra region has experienced a noticeable growth and increase in the number movements into the area and for that matter SMEs increase in the last few years. It is important to mention that some research studies have been conducted to determine the real impact of migrations on host societies. In line with the above, this study sorts to assess the nature of SMEs in Medina with respect to the involvement of men and women, the main sources funds for them, the main objectives and challenges faced by SMEs in Medina, reasons the explosion of SMEs in Medina and the scio-economic impacts of this growth of SMEs in Medina. 1.3 Objectives: 1.3.1 Main Objective TheShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Internal Audit Practices On Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks1689 Words   |  7 Pages EFFECTS OF INTERNAL AUDIT PRACTICES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA (A CASE STUDY OF KENYA COMMERCIAL BANK) GIDALI MUHINDI FRANKLINE A Research Proposal in Partial Fulfillment for the Bachelor of Business Administration of the Technical University of Mombasa 2016 DECLARATION I declare that this research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree award in any other university. Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Effect Of Professional Ethics788 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of Professional Ethics in U.S. Accounting Businesses, investors, creditors rely on accounting ethics. The accounting profession requires honesty, consistency with industry standards, and compliance with laws and regulations. The ethics increase the responsibility and integrity of accounting professionals, and public trust. Ethical requirements influence the management behavior and decision-making. 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The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) defines internal control as: * â€Å" a process, affected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories† * Effectiveness and efficiency of operations * Reliability of financial reporting * Compliance withRead MoreThe Balanced Scorecard And How It Is Used For A Competitive Advantage Within The Business Industry1229 Words   |  5 Pagesto key decisions. The Balanced Scorecard The balanced scorecard is a performance management tool that assists in the management of an organisation’s business strategy using traditional financial measurements combined with non-financial information (Candle 2008). Kaplan and Norton (1992), the creators of the concept, introduced the business scorecard as 4 main perspectives, customer, learning and growth, financial and internal business process. 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Film Analysis Free Essays

Film Analysis Assignment When first reading about this assignment I thought about movies that had a strong culture theme to it. I didn’t want to choose a movie that I’ve only seen once, only because I wanted to be sure of its cultural theme and I also wanted to be sure that I knew exactly what the movie was about and everything that happens in it. The movie that I decided to write about is Mulan. We will write a custom essay sample on Film Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is very clear that the context of this movie provides us with the information that the film takes place in the ancient times in China. We know this because in the opening scene it shows a Chinese soldier standing on The Great Wall of China. Also the clothing that they were is often affiliated with the Chinese culture so we can tell from this context where the movie takes place. Also a few times in the movie it shows the Chinese language written on certain things. I believe that the context of this film affects the communication between characters for a few reasons. One reason is whenever people greet each other, especially someone important, they would bow to them. Another way the context affects communication is that the characters talk to their elders so properly and respectfully. One of the main social identities in this film was the one that Mulan held. Since Mulan was pretending to be a man so she would be able to fight in the war, she definitely had to fit in with those among her. She had to talk like they did, walk like they did, participate in the things that she did. She did this so she would not blow her cover and be caught. The obvious culture identify in this movie is that they are all Chinese. We can tell this because of how they are dressed, their surroundings as well as their facial structure. One of the huge ways one of the characters helped us understand her perspective was when Mulan sang the song â€Å"Refection†. In this song Mulan is talking about how she doesn’t feel like she is good enough and that if she were to act how she really is she would break her family’s heart. She thinks that her reflection is someone she doesn’t know. With her singing this song we are able to truly see what Mulan thinks of herself and it helps us understand her more. The relationship between her identity and the context of the movie is pretty understandable. The context in the movie shows us the true identity of who Mulan really is. There is a major change in Mulan’s identity by the end of the movie. Throughout the movie Mulan is trying to prove to everyone that she will bring her family honor. At the end of the movie she ends up getting to take home the Emperors Imperial crest along with Shan Yu’s sword. The history in this movie greatly affects the characters standpoints. As we all know, Mulan takes place during the ancient dynasty days in China. So many details throughout this movie give that away. But the one of the many ways that history affects the standpoints of the characters in this movie is how they train as well as travel for their battle to fight against the Huns. With it being ancient days the soldiers’ are trained to fight with their hands, they are taught ty kwon doe and how to use a bow and arrow. If this movie had taken place in the 21st century, the soldiers’ would be trained how to shoot guns. This right here shows you that history greatly affects the characters. If Disney had decided to place the movie in present days the climax fight scene would be completely different. The perceptions of history in this movie can teach you many things. There are just so many little details that show you the films history. There’s a scene in the movie where the General has sent a letter to the training camp and we can see its history because Mushu writes the General back with pen and ink. Near the end of the movie the soldiers’ that fought in the battle parade through the city on horses and they have the traditional clothing from that time on as well. One of the main relationships between history and one of the main characters (Shang) is that he is now the leader of the army. Since he is now the leader he has to train the men how they were taught for battle back in those days. There was only one language used in this film, which was English. But there were many different communication styles used in the film. Since Mulan is portraying a man for most of the movie her communication style is very different from the others. She tries to make her voice sound like a man and say things she thinks they would say. At a few points in the movie she forgets to talk in a manly voice, but surprisingly does not give her cover away. There weren’t many uses on nonverbal communication/codes throughout the movie. I can honestly only think of a few things. In the opening scene when Shan Yu appears over The Wall, the Chinese soldier lights a big torch and says â€Å"Now all of China knows you’re here,† Also the cricket, who plays on of the sidekicks of Mulan is silent throughout the whole film. But through his gestures, as well as Mushu being able to know what he’s saying, helps the audience understand the cricket. There are a few main beliefs and values that are reveled throughout this film. In the begging of the movie we see Mulan’s father praying to their families ancestors. The ancestors are of great importance to her family. They believe that the ancestors will bring Mulan protecting with helping her fight in the battle. They also have a high value in their families honor. The littlest things that someone could do would bring their family so many dishonors. There is a scene in the movie where Mulan is to meet with the Match Maker so she can help find Mulan a husband. But through many clumsy mistakes the Match Maker is furious and tells Mulan that she will never bring her family honor. When her parents and grandmother hear of the news they are greatly disappointed in her. That is one of the main reasons she goes off to fight in the war. Doing this Mulan believes that she will be able to bring her family honor. There are a plenty of issues of power and hierarchy that are used in this film. At one point in the movie there are a few men sent in from the imperial city to give the town a message. The Emperor has ordered one man from every family must serve in the imperial army. This clearly shows just how powerful the Emperor is and how he can change a family so fast. There is also a scene in the movie where Shang (left in charge by his father General Li) has power over everything that goes on in the camp. There are some men fighting after dinner and as soon as he walks in the men immediately stop and salute him. There is also a scene when Shang is not thrilled with how Ping (Mulan) is training. He wants to â€Å"make a man out of her† but she just isn’t meeting his expectations. He tells her that in the morning she has to go back home. These two examples show how powerful he is over the men in the army. How to cite Film Analysis, Papers

Tourism Proposal Plan Macau

Question Prepare a tourism proposal report outlining key trends and characteristics in international tourism and to suggest ways in which the destination can use tourism sustainably in the future. The report should detail: Brief information about the current tourism situation of the destination; A discussion of the impact of tourism for the destinations development; The restrictions imposed for future development; The sustainable opportunities available; How the role of technology may assist in the strategic development; Answer: Executive Summary This paper focuses on developing a tourism plan for Macau. Presently, Macau is one of the top global tourist destinations and the popularity of the place is increasing. An overview of the tourism industry has been provided in this paper. The tourism industry of Macau has been significantly influencing the economy of the region. It has created various job opportunities and the contributed in the development of the destination. However, the tourism industry of Macau has been encountering some major cultural, social and environmental challenges. This paper has elaborated the challenges as well as developed a tourism plan for achieving sustainable growth in long run. Brief Overview of the Present Tourism Situation in Macau Tourist Attractions Macau is one of the most popular global tourist destinations. It is situated on the west bank of the delta of Pearl River in the southern part of the Guangdong province of China. Macau is comprised of three islands, viz. Coloane Island, Taipa and Macau Penisula. The world heritage of Macau is one of the important attractions for the international tourists. More than twenty ancient monuments and urban squares are interwoven in Macau which is collectively known as The Historic Centre of Macau. In 2005, the district has been enlisted in the World Heritage List. Western and eastern culture has been integrated in Macau which is explored by the tourists (Stsmacau.com, 2015). Lilau Square, A-ma temple Moorish Barracks, St. Lawrence Church, St. Augustines Square and Mandarins House are major tourist attractions. Visiting the exquisite museums of Macau delivers outstanding experience to the tourists. Macau museum is a cultural and historical museum. Moreover, the principal tourist attractions include Wine Museum, Macau Museum of Art, Maritime museum, Grand Prix Museum etc. A-MA cultural village, Lotus square, Arts garden is few of the major spots of Macau (En.macautourism.gov.mo, 2015). Gaming Industry The Gaming industry of Macau is booming and large number of tourists is engaged into the gambling activities in Macau. Betting on horses at race course, playing slots in casinos are the most common gambling games in Macau. It has been observed that the government of Macau has been relaxing the legislations related to the gaming industry in order to keep pace with the dynamic perception of the travelers. Presently, Macau has turned into one of the most popular gambling destinations and has been able to attract more number of tourists than Las Vegas. The casino owners of the Las Vegas have established Casinos in Macao which has significantly contributed in boosting the tourism sector of Macau (Stsmacau.com, 2015). Moreover, Greyhound racing, Tombola, Pacapio, Basketball Lottery and Soccer Lottery etc. are also popular games in Macau (En.macautourism.gov.mo, 2015). Business Tourism MACAU is one of the most exciting and appealing business tourism destinations of Asia. The destination has undergone a rapid and excellent development in terms of infrastructure. Though the size of the city is quite small, the city is the largest entirely integrated convention and exhibition centre of Asia. The city also includes various world heritages a well as has most spectacular skylines. The city is a great blend of tradition and modernity which is reflected in the activities, festivals, lifestyle, food and architectures of the city. Macau has significantly differentiated its offerings to business tourists and incentive explorers for providing extravagant hotels, resorts, ethnic restaurants, designer shopping and numerous all the more eating and excitement alternatives. Macau is an excellent destination for the great achievers who needs to get pampered in the luxurious resorts and entertained or holding programs for developing teams (Industry.macautourism.gov.mo, 2015). Discussion of Impact of Tourism on Development of Destination Impact on Economy Tourism industry plays a pivotal role in the economy of Macau. This industry has been rapidly growing and boosting the economic activities of the destination. Extreme advancement off the tourism industry in Macau has significant socio-economic impacts leading to the further development of the region. As, it is a global tourist destination, tourism industry has generated significant foreign exchange earnings which has a positive impact on the balance of payments of the economy. Increasing economic activities have significantly contributed in the regional development and improved the income levels of the local population. The tourism sector of Macau has provided ample employment opportunities to the local people. In 2011 tourism industry of Macau was responsible for creation of 162,500 jobs and it accounted for almost 48% of the total jobs in Macau (Wan Li, 2011). The major source of government revenue in Macau is collected from the tourism industry. The government of Macau has focuse d on facilitating diversified development and integration of the several components of the tourism industry. The government of Macau is concentrating on transforming Macau into a premium global tourist destination and a unique destination for leisure, entertainment as well as business exhibitions and convention hub of Asia (Wan Li, 2011). Additionally, the government has given extensive emphasize on the sustainability issue. Facts and Figures 7.4 million Tourists visited Macau within September of 2014. It was estimated that the in 2013 number of visitors increased by 4.4% compared to the previous years (www.gcs.gov.mo, 2014). The tourism industry of Macau has been able to maintain significant growth over the years. The major countries from which tourists visit Macau the most are given in the following table: Country/Territories Number of Visitors Ratio The mainland 18,632,207 63.5% Hong Kong 6,766,044 23.1% Taiwan 1,001,189 3.4% South Korea 474,269 1.6% Malaysia 291,136 1.0% Japan 290,622 1.0% The Philippines 274,103 0.9% Thailand 238,635 0.8% Indonesia 208,481 0.7% Singapore 189,751 0.6% (Source: (www.gcs.gov.mo, 2014)) Hotel and Travel Agency The tourism industry growth in Macau has significantly contributed in the growth of the hotel and travel agencies. It was estimated that almost 896,726 residents had chosen travel agent services for visiting the city. The figures have increased by 4.1% compared to the previous year. In 2013, it was estimated that Macau has sixty-nine star rated hotels and 33 guesthouses (www.gcs.gov.mo, 2014). The following table demonstrates number of start rated hotels and guesthouses along with the room numbers. (Source: (www.gcs.gov.mo, 2014)) Challenges in Tourism Industry of Macau One of the major challenges encountered by the tourism industry of Macau is the problems in cultural tourism. The major difficulty is to deal with the stakeholders in order to cope up with the set of values and interest which takes place in association with heritage (Jovicic, 2014). It is reliant upon the perspective of the stakeholders regarding the heritage assets in Macau (Simo Partidrio, 2010). It has been observed that the electricity consumption of Macau has increased significantly. In, the electricity consumption of Macau has increased by more than double in comparison to electricity consumption of 2000. The increasing number of luxurious hotels and casinos is responsible for the enhanced electricity consumption (Harris et al., 2008). Another major challenge encountered by the tourism industry of Macau is the increasing level of pollution. The region has been facing consecutive rise in the pollution level. With the increase in number of visitors, vehicle density has increased. As a consequence, large number of people is dying due to respiratory related diseases. Emission of the hazardous gases is significantly affecting the environment and well being of the society. Additionally, it has been reported that the total waste of Macau has been enhancing in Macau. The total liquid and solid waste of Macau is growing and affecting the environment. Moreover, it is exerting excessive pressure on the waste handling capacity of Macau. The liquid waste in Macau is causing water pollution to the nearby sea (Radwan, Jones Minoli, 2012). It has been found that in 2011, number of visitors in Macau was five times more than its residents. Hence, it can be clearly implied that the tourism industry is significantly contributing to t he environmental issues of Macau. High level of pollution is threatening factor for the sustainable tourism in Macau. Tourism industry has significantly affected the socio-cultural aspects of Macau. The government of Macau has focused on the growth of tourism industry which has leaded to increase in number of hotels, resorts and casinos (Wan Pinheiro, 2014). As a result, public land is becoming increasingly unavailable as well as expensive. Gaming industry of Macau, considered being one of the major attractions for the tourists. Flourishing gaming industry of Macau has significantly affected the young generation of Macau and consequently it has been found that the gaming industry the school dropout rate in the secondary level has notably increased. The major reason is casinos and other gaming industries provide job opportunities to the people with lower educational qualification. The alarming rate of the school dropout in Macau is lowering the human resource potential and threatening further growth of Macau (Wan Pinheiro, 2014). Additionally, it has been found that tourism industry of Macau has a correlation with the crime rate. Mass tourism has leaded to an increase in the crime rate in Macau. It has been estimated that crime rate was 10,538 in 2005 and 13,864 in 2008. Macau has been a major destination for the gamblers and crime related gambling has been growing in Macau (Wan Pinheiro, 2014). As number of tourists is greater proportion in comparison to the residents it can be stated that the crime rate is growing due to the growing number of tourist arrival in Macau. Sustainable Tourism Planning for Macau Sustainable tourism will help in protecting the environment and heritage of the tourist region. The environment considers the ecosystem and the culture uniqueness of that place. On the other hand, heritage embraces the natural or indigenous as well as historical inheritance of that place. The tourism industry of Macau must focus on recognizing the assets of the mainstream as well as niche tourism product (Timothy, 2014). Sustainable tourism can be developed by educating the tourists regarding the values of cultural and natural heritage of the destination. This section will focus on developing a plan for sustainable tourism (Xi Wei, 2010). First of all, government of Macau must have the motivation and determination for adopting a systematic approach for implementing the sustainable tourism plan. The sustainable tourism plan will assist in recognizing as well as protecting the values of the natural and cultural destinations of Macau for enhancing the tourism product development and en suring effective management of those places in long term. Sustainable development will focus on addressing the economic, environmental as well as social issues in Macau(Timur Getz, 2009). The government of Macau needs to focus on achieving the triple bottom line in order to ensure sustainable growth of the tourism industry in Macau. Aims of Sustainable Tourism Plan The major aims of the sustainable tourism plan of Macau can be categorized in terms of economic, social, and environmental objectives. Achievement of the following objectives will contribute in improving tourists satisfaction. The objectives of each segment are discussed below: Economic Objectives: Increase in government revenue by increasing sustainable tourism activity for boosting up the economy of the region. Increase in employment opportunities for long run which will improve the disposable income and standard of living of the local communities. Rise in the disposable income of household of residents of Macau will help in enhancing the society and establish good health care system and education sector. Economic diversification and decreasing over-dependence on tourism (Xi Wei, 2010). Social Objectives: Improvement of the infrastructure will promote well being of the society. Increasing the level of education of the local residents for generating qualified human resource for boosting the economy. Controlling excessive traffic congestion. Controlling the crime rate and gambling issues (Timothy, 2014). Environmental Objectives: Reducing electricity consumption. Increasing awareness for protecting natural and cultural heritage. Initiatives for increasing green area. Proper management of waste Reducing the level of pollution (Wan Pinheiro, 2014). Sustainable Plan Economic In order to achieve the economic objectives, government intervention is essential. Development of strong legislative framework must be developed as well as implemented in order to increase the government revenue. Taxation policy must be effective so that illegal transactions do not take place which can lower the government revenue (Wan Pinheiro, 2014). Additionally over-independence on the tourism industry must be changed through economic diversification (Jovicic, 2014). Some service industries and later manufacturing industry can be established in Macau. The focus must be shifted to other industries from the gaming industry in Macau. Shortage of skilled workforce will be a major problem in implementation of this strategy(Timur Getz, 2009). Hence, the government needs to start skill development programs and focus on developing the education sector in order to ensure supply of skilled human resource. Social Social objectives significantly emphasizes on the development of infrastructure which includes development or roads for improving connectivity. For example, government can focus on improving Hong Kong Zhuhai-Macro Bridge (HZMB) and Light Rail Transit (LRT). The government needs to invest significant amount for the social welfare of the local residents. In order to minimize the rate of school dropout, people must be made aware of the importance of education. Scholarship can be offered to the students with severe financial problems. It will encourage the society to opt for higher education (Timothy, 2014). Restrictions must be imposed on gambling so that teenagers and young adults do not get engaged into these practices. Improved education system will help in addressing the issues regarding gambling and crime related to that. Sturdy legislative framework needs to be implemented for punishing the criminal offenders in Macau (Wan Li, 2011). Environmental Environmental issues are increasingly threatening the sustainability of the destination. In the government budget, allocation of resources for activities related to the protection of the environment must be increased (Marin Jafari, 2002). The capital must be utilized for developing green areas and protecting the natural resources (Kasim, 2009). License and permits for casinos and other gaming industries must be restricted. Increasing number of vehicles is leading to traffic congestion and emission of the hazardous gases polluting the air. Hence, government must ban vehicles causing air pollution. Additionally, community participation will play a crucial role in successful implementation of this strategy (Marzuki, Hay James, 2012). Electricity consumption needs to be reduced by use of energy efficient tools and gadgets. Additionally, use of alternative sources of energy must be encouraged especially in hotels and casinos. Waste management is considered to be a major issue in Macau a nd it can be addressed by adoption of advanced technology for handling waste so that it cannot pollute the air and water. The tourism industry must be forced for using bio-degradable and eco-friendly materials (Wan Pinheiro, 2014). Thus, Macau will be able to transform itself into a sustainable global tourism destination. Increasing awareness regarding the sustainable tourism has influenced the decision of the tourists. Hence, sustainable tourism industry will satisfy the tourists and boost the economy and contribute in the overall development of the tourist region. Role of Technology in Strategic Development Technology plays a significant role in achieving sustainability in the tourism industry. Innovation of new technologies is essential for reducing the electricity consumption in the global tourist destination. Additionally, for controlling as well as monitoring the emission form vehicles and other sources technology plays an important role. Adoption of advanced technology can contribute in enhancing the mechanism of waste management. Thus, the water and air will be protected from pollution (Pechlaner Raich, 2001). Technology is essential for developing infrastructure for better communication, better service to the tourists and improving the education sector of Macau. Conclusion and Recommendations This paper has provided an insight to the major industry of Macau, tourism. It has been found that the Macau is extensively dependent on the tourism industry. It has been observed that the tourism industry has been encountering significant growth. But the destination has been encountering major challenges. Over dependence on the tourism industry and the gaming industry is affecting the tourism development of Macau. Growth of tourism industry has resulted in the high electricity consumption, air pollution, low education rate, increasing level of crime and gambling related crime etc. A sustainability plan has been developed for addressing the environmental, social and economical issues. Implementation of the plan will help in improving the sustainability and ensure further growth of the tourist region. The recommendations of this paper include the following: Focusing on economic diversification which will boost up the economy of the region. Improvement in infrastructure and education sector. Development of the human resource for generating skilled workforce. Controlling crimes effectively. Decrease in electricity and water consumption. Controlling traffic congestion and improving waste management. Reduction in level of pollution. References En.macautourism.gov.mo,. (2015).Macau Government Tourist Office. Retrieved 10 January 2015, from https://en.macautourism.gov.mo/showentertainment/showentertainment.php?c=6 Harris, J., Diamond, R., Iyer, M., Payne, C., Blumstein, C., Siderius, H. (2008). Towards a sustainable energy balance: progressive efficiency and the return of energy conservation.Energy Efficiency,1(3), 175-188. doi:10.1007/s12053-008-9011-0 Industry.macautourism.gov.mo,. (2015).Macau Tourism Industry Net - Macau Business Tourism Introduction. Retrieved 12 January 2015, from https://industry.macautourism.gov.mo/en/page/content.php?page_id=68 Jovicic, D. (2014). Cultural tourism in the context of relations between mass and alternative tourism.Current Issues In Tourism, 1-8. doi:10.1080/13683500.2014.932759 Kasim, A. (2009). Managerial attitudes towards environmental management among small and medium hotels in Kuala Lumpur.Journal Of Sustainable Tourism,17(6), 709-725. doi:10.1080/09669580902928468 Marin, C., Jafari, J. (2002). Sustainable Hotels for Sustainable Destinations.Annals Of Tourism Research,29(1), 266-268. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(01)00023-8 Marzuki, A., Hay, I., James, J. (2012). Public participation shortcomings in tourism planning: the case of the Langkawi Islands, Malaysia.Journal Of Sustainable Tourism,20(4), 585-602. doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.638384 Pechlaner, H., Raich, M. (2001). The Role of Information Technology in the Information Process for Cultural Products and Services in Tourism Destinations.Information Technology Tourism,4(2), 91-106. doi:10.3727/109830501108750912 Radwan, H., Jones, E., Minoli, D. (2012). Solid waste management in small hotels: a comparison of green and non-green small hotels in Wales.Journal Of Sustainable Tourism,20(4), 533-550. doi:10.1080/09669582.2011.621539 Simo, J., Partidrio, M. (2010). How Does Tourism Planning Contribute to Sustainable Development?.Sust. Dev.,20(6), 372-385. doi:10.1002/sd.495 Stsmacau.com,. (2015).Tourism in Macau: Why visit Macau?. Retrieved 10 January 2015, from https://www.stsmacau.com/ Timothy, D. (2014). Contemporary Cultural Heritage and Tourism: Development Issues and Emerging Trends.Public Archaeol.,13(1-3), 30-47. doi:10.1179/1465518714z.00000000052 Timur, S., Getz, D. (2009). Sustainable tourism development: how do destination stakeholders perceive sustainable urban tourism?.Sust. Dev.,17(4), 220-232. doi:10.1002/sd.384 Wan, P., Pinheiro, F. (2014). Macau's Tourism Planning Approach and Its Shortcomings: A Case Study.International Journal Of Hospitality Tourism Administration,15(1), 78-102. doi:10.1080/15256480.2014.872901 Wan, Y., Li, X. (2011). Sustainability of Tourism Development in Macao, China.International Journal Of Tourism Research,15(1), 52-65. doi:10.1002/jtr.873 www.gcs.gov.mo,. (2014).Tourism. Retrieved 12 January 2015, from https://www.gcs.gov.mo/files/factsheet/Tourismo_EN.pdf Xi, L., Wei, C. (2010). The Way to the Diversification of Macaus Social Economy: a Study on Macaus Cultural Tourism Development.International Journal Of Trade, Economics And Finance,1(2), 131-135. doi:10.7763/ijtef.2010.v1.23